Serum paraoxonase-1 activity is more closely related to HDL particle concentration and large HDL particles than to HDL cholesterol in Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects

Abstract Objectives We determined relationships of the anti-oxidative enzyme, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), with high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, and tested whether these relationships are stronger than those with HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design and methods Serum PON-1 (arylesterase activity) and HDL subfractions (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were determined in 67 T2DM patients and in 56 non-diabetic subjects. Results PON-1 activity, HDL cholesterol and apoA-I were decreased in T2DM (all p p p  = 0.001). In turn, the positive relationship of PON-1 with the HDL particle concentration and with large HDL particles was stronger than that with HDL cholesterol (both p Conclusions PON-1 activity is more closely related to the HDL particle concentration or large HDL particles than to HDL cholesterol. Impaired PON-1 activity in T2DM is not to a considerable extent explained by altered HDL subfraction levels.