TMJ related short-term outcomes comparing two different osteosynthesis techniques for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.

Abstract Objectives Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is a morpho-functional surgery and post-surgical osteosynthesis may influence temporomandibular joint (TMJ) health. Our objective was to evaluate temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and TMJ symptoms after orthognathic surgery according to the type of osteosynthesis used in a population of patients with dentofacial deformities. Materials and methods One hundred and eighty-three consecutive patients undergoing orthodontic and maxillofacial surgery treatment for correction of their malocclusion were recruited for a two-year period at Lille University Hospital. All patients had at least a mandibular BSSO using Epker's technique. Each patient was examined before and one year after orthognathic surgery. We compared osteosynthesis by miniplates fixed with monocortical screws (n = 42) and the hybrid fixation with bicortical retro-molar screws used with miniplates (n = 141). TMJ health was assessed by monitoring TMD signs and symptoms according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and scores obtained from the “Jaw Pain Function” questionnaire. Results There was no significant difference in pre-operative and one year post-operative RDC/TMD assessments (p ≥ 0.91) or JPF score (p ≥ 0.29) between the two types of osteosynthesis. Conclusion There was no difference in TMJ health between the two techniques of osteosynthesis after BSSO. Clinical relevance In our experience the hybrid technique fixation affords many advantages and does not influence postoperative TMD compared with osteosynthesis by miniplates.