EFECTOS DE UN PROGRAMA DE EJERCICIOS SOBRE PERFIL PSICOMOTOR EN ESCOLARES - Effects of an exercise program on psychomotor profile in school
2015
El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar los efectos producidos en el perfil psicomotor y factores motrices en ninos de 6 a 8 anos de edad al implementar un programa de ejercicios fisicos dirigidos por fisioterapeutas especificamente para siete factores motrices determinados. Mediante un muestreo intencional y no probabilistico se seleccionaron 60 ninos y ninas estudiantes de dos instituciones educativas del distrito de Barranquilla (Colombia). Se evaluo el perfil psicomotor de los ninos con el protocolo de la "Bateria Psicomotora - BPM" propuesta por Da Fonseca (siete factores de la bateria). El programa de ejercicios se aplico durante 12 semanas con directrices especificas en cuestion de progresividad e intensidad y posterior a esta etapa se realizo la re-evaluacion de la poblacion utilizando la BPM. Los datos fueron ingresados y analizados con el programa SPSS 18.0. En los resultados se evidencia que el perfil psicomotor de los ninos cambio positivamente de 21.18 a 23.85 puntos, pasando de un rango ‘normal’ o perfil ‘eupraxico’ a un rango ‘bueno’. Los factores tonicidad, equilibrio, lateralidad, nocion del cuerpo, estructuracion espaciotemporal y praxia global, tuvieron cambios significativos en sus niveles de ejecucion, mientras que la praxia fina no mostro cambios al aplicar el post-test. Con la practica organizada y secuencial del programa de ejercicios, se lograron cambios significativos y beneficiosos a nivel motriz evidenciados en el nivel de perfil psicomotor general de los estudiantes participantes. ABSTRACT The objective was to identify the effects on psychomotor profile and driving factors in children between 6-8 years to implement an exercise program specifically directed by physical therapists in seven specific driving factors. 60 children students were selected at two educational institutions in the district of Barranquilla (Colombia), using an intentional and non-probability sampling. Psychomotor profile of children was evaluated using the protocol "Psychomotor Battery - BPM" proposed by Da Fonseca, in which seven related factors were evaluated. The exercise program was applied for 12 weeks with specific guidelines within escalation and intensity and following this phase, it was performed this reassessment of the population using the BPM. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. In the results it is evident that the psychomotor profile of children changed positively 21.18 to 23.85 points, from a 'normal' range or profile 'eupraxico' to a 'good' range. The tone, balance, laterality, body concept, spacetime structure and global praxia factors had significant changes in their levels of performance, while the fine praxia was unchanged when applying the post-test. With organized and sequential practice of the exercise program, they were achieved significant and beneficial changes to motor level evidenced in the level of general psychomotor profile of participants.
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