Keanekaragaman Jenis, Kemelimpahan dan Potensi Peran Serangga pada Tanaman Pepaya Gunung (Carica candamarcensis Hook. f.) di Dieng, Jawa Tengah
2019
Penelitian tentang keanekaragaman jenis serangga perlu dilakukan di
tanaman pepaya gunung (C. candamarcensis. Hook. f.) di Dieng karena tanaman
pepaya gunung memiliki nilai ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis dan kemelimpahan serangga pada lahan
monokultur dan polikultur dan untuk mengetahui potensi peran serangga yang
ditemukan pada tanaman C. candamarcensis. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan
melakukan koleksi serangga pada masing-masing 30 tanaman C. candamarcensis
di lahan monokultur dan polikultur. Identifikasi serangga secara morfologi
dilakukan di Laboratorium Entomologi Fakultas Biologi UGM. Data
keanekaragaman jenis serangga dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman
Shannon-Wiener, indeks dominansi Simpson dan indeks kesamaan Sorenson.
Potensi peran serangga ditentukan berdasarkan tipe mulut serangga. Hasil
identifikasi serangga di lahan monokultur dan polikultur pada 94 spesimen
digolongkan ke dalam 9 ordo yang terdiri dari 21 famili, 21 genus, dan 6 spesies.
Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, lahan monokultur
(H'=3,201) lebih beragam daripada lahan polikultur (H'=1,139). Berdasarkan nilai
indeks dominansi Simpson, pada lahan polikultur (D=0,047) lebih banyak spesies
dominan daripada lahan monokultur (D=0,539). Berdasarkan nilai indeks
kesamaan jenis serangga, kedua lahan mempunyai keragaman jenis serangga yang
berbeda (Cs=0,128). Potensi peran serangga pada tanaman C. candamarcensis
adalah sebagai vektor (48%) lebih banyak dibandingkan parasitoid (14%),
herbivor (12%), predator (11%), polinator (11%), omnivor (2%), dan dekomposer
(2%).
Research diversity of insect species was important to be held on carica
plant (Carica candamarcensis Hook. f.) in Dieng as because of it economic value.
The aims of the research were to determine the insect species diversity, the
potential role of collected insects, and also the abundance of insects on
monoculture and polyculture of C. candamarcensis. Insects were collected by
using direct method from 30 plants of C. candamarcensis for each monoculture
and polyculture agricultural systems. The insect species diversity was identified
based on morphological character using determination keys. Insect species
diversity index was calculated by Shannon-Wiener methods. Dominance index
was measured by Simpson method, while the similarity index was computed by
Sorenson method. Potential role of insects was determined depend on the types of
insect mouth. The result showed that the 94 speciment insects were collected on
monoculture and polyculture belong to 9 orders consists of 21 families, 21 genera,
and 6 were identified to species. The species diversity index on the monoculture
was H'=3.201 and the polyculture was H'=1.139. Based on the index value, the
insect species diversity on the monoculture was more diverse than the polyculture.
The dominance index on the monoculture was D=0.047 and the polyculture was
D=0.539. According to the value, the polyculture had more species dominant than
the monoculture. The species similarity index on monoculture and polyculture
agricultural systems was Cs=0,128 that means both agricultural systems had
different of insect species. Potential role of insects as vectors (48%) were more
than as parasitoids (14%), herbivores (12%), predators (11%), pollinators (11%),
omnivores (2%), and decomposers (2%).
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