Changes in ecosystem carbon stocks in a grassland ash (Fraxinus excelsior) afforestation chronosequence in Ireland

Aims Government policy in Ireland is to increase the national forest cover from the current 10% to 18% of the total land area by 2020. This represents a major land use change that is expected to impact on the national carbon (C) stocks. While the C stocks of ecosystem biomass and soils of Irish grasslands and coniferous forests have been quantified, little work has been done to assess the impact of broadleaf afforestation on C stocks. Methods In this study, we sampled a chronosequence of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) forests aged 12, 20, 27, 40 and 47 years on brown earth soils. A grassland site, representative of the pre-afforestation land use, was sampled as a control. Important Findings Our results show that there was a significant decline (P < 0.05) in the carbon density of the soil (0–30 cm) following afforestation from the grassland (90.2 Mg C ha −1 ) to the 27-year-old forest (66.7 Mg C ha −1 ). Subsequently, the forest soils switched from being a C source to a C sink and began to sequester C to 71.3 Mg C ha −1 at the 47-year-old forest. We found the amount of C stored in the aboveand belowground biomass increased with age of the forest stands and offset the amount of C lost from the soil. The amount of C stored in the above- and belowground biomass increased on average by 1.83 Mg C ha −1 year −1 . The increased storage of C in the biomass led to an increase in the total ecosystem C, from 90.2 Mg C ha −1