Молекулярные мишени иммунотоксического действия лекарственных средств

The aim of the article is to generalize information on possible molecular targets that ensure the implementation of the immunotoxic effects of drugs for the subsequent improvement of the methodological apparatus of immunotoxicological studies of new drugs and assess the prospects of the development of new directions of immunopharmacology. The results of the information search for official data provided by manufacturers of medicines registered in the Russian Federation (guidelines for use, clinical recommendations, reports on biomedical and clinical research), as well as data from pharmacological monitoring of the safety of their use conducted by Roszdravnadzor of the Russian Federation are summarized. Guidelines for the use of 524 current international non-patent medicines, covering a total of more than 5000 generics in various forms, releases and dosages, were analyzed. The object of the search was data on undesirable side effects of medicines related to the human immune system. The analysis showed that the immunotoxic effect is described for 40,6% of 524 active pharmacological agents. Clinical and pathogenetic characteristics allowed us to identify several cluster groups that can be characterized as immunotoxic syndromes: allergic, immunosuppressive, lymphotropic, generalized cytokine reaction, reactivation of the immune response, and immune activation of oncogenesis. Molecular targets of immunotoxic action were determined based on the known mechanisms of action of the analyzed drugs.