Comparison of the RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO Diagnostic Classifications for Acute Renal Injury in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and peri-operative risk factors for acute renal injury (ARI) and their relationship with mortality rate through the use of 3 different ARI diagnostic classifications in patients after liver transplantation (LT). Methods We retrospectively investigated the medical records of adult LT recipients. Post-operative ARI was determined with the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Renal Failure (RIFLE), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classifications. Results We analyzed 440 adult patients. The post-operative incidence of ARI was 8.0% by the RIFLE classification, 14.31% by the AKIN classification, and 14.54% by the KDIGO classification. Significant risk factors for ARI were pre-operative albumin (odds ratio [OR], 0.776; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.473–1.273 for AKIN; and OR, 0.724; 95% CI, 0.444–1.182 for KDIGO) and hemoglobin levels (OR, 2.830; 95% CI, 1.157–6.9261 by RIFLE), intra-operative red blood cell transfusion (OR, 1.072; 95% CI, 1.004–1.143 by AKIN; and OR, 1.077; 95% CI, 1.011–1.147 by KDIGO), and blood loss (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.999–1.000 by RIFLE). The early mortality rate was 7.9% in our series. Conclusions The RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO ARI classifications classify the severity of renal dysfunction in patients who have undergone LT. Direct associations were found between higher mortality rates and severity of renal disease.