東勢客家話「同」與「分」的語法特徵及二者之間的關係

This paper discusses the grammatical functions of tung and bun, two grammatical markers of Dongshi Hakka. It is noted that tung can function as a comitative marker, a source marker, a benefactive marker, or a patient marker, while bun serves various semantic functions such as meaning giving, permissive, unwilling permissive, or causative, as well as functioning grammatically as complement marker or agent marker. Construction grammar and grammaticalization theory are adopted to account for the multiple functions of tung and bun. Furthermore, this paper presents a detailed constructional comparison between tung and bun. The phenomena of a dummy pronoun occurring after both tung and bun and of grammaticalization processes parallel with TI and BI strongly suggest that tung and bun are intimately connected.