Skill transferability and the earnings of immigrants
2020
Using data on immigrants from the Canadian Census, we compare immigrants who received a bachelor's degree from a Canadian university to immigrants who receive a bachelor's degree in their home country, in order to investigate the returns to skills acquired in Canada versus skills acquired abroad. Our measure of skill is based on postsecondary fields of study linked to the O*NET matrix of skills and competencies. We find that immigrants educated in Canada receive higher returns to their communication skills than those educated abroad. To a lesser degree, they also receive higher returns to their logical and technical skills. These gaps in skill returns explain the entirety of Canadian‐educated immigrant's 10% earnings advantage. Our results are robust to controlling for the quality of universities in the immigrant's country of study and for occupation and industry choice. The gaps are stable across time and across quantiles of the immigrant earnings distribution. Transferabilite des competences et revenus des immigrants. A partir de donnees issues du recensement canadien, et afin de determiner le rendement des competences acquises au Canada par rapport a celles acquises a l’etranger, nous avons compare le profil des immigrants titulaires d’un baccalaureat obtenu dans une universite canadienne a celui des immigrants titulaires d’un diplome equivalent delivre dans leur pays d’origine. Notre evaluation des competences se fonde sur les domaines d’etudes postsecondaires lies a la base de donnees O*NET sur les aptitudes et les competences. Comparativement aux immigrants ayant etudie a l’etranger, nous constatons que les immigrants ayant poursuivi leurs etudes au Canada possedent de meilleures competences en matiere de communication et, dans une moindre mesure, de meilleures competences logiques et techniques. Ces ecarts de competences suffisent a expliquer les 10 % de revenus supplementaires que gagnent les immigrants ayant ete scolarises au Canada. Nos resultats sont robustes et tiennent compte de la qualite des universites situees dans les pays de scolarisation des immigrants ainsi que des choix en matiere d’emploi et de secteur d’activite. Les ecarts sont stables dans le temps et entre chaque quantile de distribution de revenus des immigrants.
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