Appréciation des dégâts de cervidés en milieu forestier (3ème tranche) : observatoire national des dégâts de cervidés en forêt. Aspects méthodologiques (rapport final)
2003
In the winter 1999/2000, a survey of deer (Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus) damage to commercial forestry was carried out in 5 French regions (Landes, Oise, Sarthe, Tarn et Vosges). Browsing damage by deer on a sample (n = 638) of vulnerable stands (planted and naturally regenerated) and bark stripping damage on an another sample (n= 308) were recorded. This report describes the standard field measurement techniques which have been used. We tried to set guidelines for an objective diagnosis of the future development of each inspected stand. Our evaluation was based on the number of undamaged or slightly damaged species which was compared to the target value. Using this procedure, the stands were classified into 3 categories according to the sylvicultural goal : not affected, temporarily or definitively affected. An analysis of the causes that led to the observed situation was carried out in order to detect the responsibility of deer compared to other factors. At least, the main factors affecting damage incidence are described. / L`importance des degâts de cervides (Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus) en foret a ete evaluee, durant l`hiver 1999/2000, sur 5 departements de notre territoire (Landes, Oise, Sarthe, Tarn et Vosges). Les releves ont porte sur 638 peuplements sensibles a l`abroutissement et 308 peuplements sensibles a l`ecorcage. Ce rapport decrit precisement la demarche utilisee et les techniques d`inventaires. A partir des releves effectues, nous avons essaye de dresser un constat de type diagnostic permettant de predire l`avenir sylvicole des peuplements inventories. La comparaison du nombre de tiges viables (tiges indemnes de degâts ou peu endommagees) par rapport au nombre optimal que preconisent les normes sylvicoles permet de caracteriser l`avenir de la parcelle etudiee. Le diagnostic formule se decline suivant trois possibilites : - peuplements dont l`avenir sylvicole semble assure (absence de problemes); - peuplements dont l`avenir sylvicole est juge perturbe (pronostic incertain); - peuplements sans avenir (compromis). En complement, la responsabilite des cervides dans le diagnostic etabli est evaluee par la prise en compte d`autres facteurs (parasites, vegetation concurrente,~) susceptibles de compromettre l`avenir d`une parcelle. Enfin, sont decrits les principaux facteurs caracterisant les peuplements etudies et l`importance des populations de cervides.
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