Изменения растительности и климата на северо-западе Cреднерусской возвышенности в голоцене

The article presents the results of spore-pollen and rhizopod analyses, the study of botanical composition of peat and the radiocarbon dating of peat deposits of the Cranberry (Klukva) bog (Belev district, Tula oblast) and the reconstruction of changes in vegetation and climate in the Holocene. The obtained data showed that the spread of broad-leaved forests of oak, linden and elm on the North-West of the Central Russian Upland had begun around 7800 years BP (before present), and up to the last few centuries broad-leaved forests were the dominant component of the vegetation cover. Drastic vegetation changes occurred only in historic times as a result of human activities. In period 9500–7500 years BP climatic conditions were cooler than at present, and in the interval 7500–5200 years BP they were warmer and drier. A general cooling of the climate in the second half of the Holocene had included the climatic oscillations of the second order: a series of cold spells (5000–4000, 3600–3200, 2500–2000, 1400–800 years BP) and warming (4000–3600, 2000–1400 years BP, and about 1000–700 years BP).