Dlaczego demokracja? Proceduralne, instrumentalne, epistemiczne i deliberacyjne teorie demokracji

The author analyzes procedural and instrumental theories of democracy, interpreting them in the context of epistemic and deliberative democracy. Three major forms of procedural democracy (perfect, imperfect and pure proceduralism) are distinguished, and their practical implementation as sortition-based, aggregative and deliberative democracy is analyzed. Subsequently, the author depicts instrumental and substantive interpretations of democratic government and introduces their most popular criticisms. He argues for the impossibility of strict separation of procedural from substantive theories of democracy. On this basis he criticizes the argument concerning allegedly exceptional status of deliberative democracy, which is claimed to be conciliatory in terms of procedural-substantive distinction.