A Framework for Approaching Refractory Hypocalcemia in Children

: Hypocalcemia is a potentially fatal electrolyte imbalance with complications that include seizures, tetany, prolonged QT interval, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure. In chi dren, persistent hypocalcemia can also be detrimental to bone growth and health. Therefore, it is important to recognize the many ways this electrolyte imbalance may present and determine its etiology. This article provides a framework for assessing hypocalcemia and describes in detail a case with a rare cause of refractory hypocalcemia. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(5):e208-e211.].