Comparisons of VHF radar, optical, and temperature fluctuation measurements ofC n 2 ,r0 andθ0

Comparisons are made of profiles of the refractive index structure parameter (C n 2 ) and two derived quantities, transverse coherence length (r0) and isoplanatic angle (θ0), from measurements taken with a suite of instruments including a 49.25 MHz pulsed Doppler radar with a phased array antenna, an isoplanometer, anr0 system, a stellar scintillometer, and temperature fluctuation sensors mounted on a thermosonde. The radar, which obtained data from 2 to 22 km above ground level (AGL), was operated to provide 150 m height resolution ofC n 2 . The stellar scintillometer obtained aC n 2 profile defined at seven heights from 2.2 to 18.5 km AGL, while the thermosonde obtained and transmitted data every 20 m. The isoplanometer andr0 system provided integratedpath (ground-to-space) values.