Lost C2 Link Contingency Procedures for Seoul TMA and Assessment on Safety and Controller Workload

This paper describes the process of establishing lost C2 link contingency procedures in a busy terminal area and the assessment of the proposed procedures through Human-in-The-Loop simulations. Two contingency procedures, one for departure and the other for arrival, were developed based on existing procedures and historic traffic data analyses. A total of six 30-minute simulation sessions were performed with three controllers. By analyzing the safety using Detect and Avoid Well Clear metrics that are being developed for terminal areas, combined with two controller workload surveys, it was discovered that the lost C2 link situations with a single Remotely Piloted Aircraft were manageable without any noticeable safety or workload issues. The methodology of developing and assessing contingency procedures presented in this study will be useful for establishing such procedures in different areas to reflect their own traffic characteristics.