Thermodynamics, polarizations, and intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell performance

Abstract In 1937, Baur and Preis presented the perception of large-scale solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for the stationary applications. The intermediate temperature SOFC (IT-SOFC) works under certain conditions such as temperature, pressure, gas variables, etc. The efficiency of IT-SOFC is determined by these operating conditions and hence require, rigorous and thorough understanding. There are series of thermodynamic and chemical equations behind the operation of fuel cells that should be well understood. This chapter focuses on the thermodynamics, open circuit voltage, performance, efficiency, and losses for the IT-SOFC. The effect of various factors such as pressure, temperature, fuel constituents, and concentration on the SOFC performance has been discussed.