.Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children undergoing peritoneal dialysis Yousefichaijan P1, Sharafkhah M2, Vazirian S3, Seyedzadeh A3, Rafeie M4, Salehi B5, Amiri M6, Ebrahimimonfared M7. • 1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran. • 2Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran. • 3Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran. • 4Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran. • 5Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran. • 6Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran. • 7Department of Neurology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran. Abstract BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder. This disorder is more prevalent in some chronic disease. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate ADHD in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing continuous ambulatoryperitoneal dialysis (CAPD) and to compare the results with those of healthy children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted for six months (December 22, 2013 to June 21, 2014) on five to 16-year-oldchildren, visiting the Pediatric Dialysis Unit of Amirkabir Hospital, Arak, Iran, and Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran. A total of 100 childrenwith ESRD who had undergone CAPD for at least six months and 100 healthy children were included in this study as case and control groups, respectively. ADHD was diagnosed by Conner's Parent Rating Scale-48 (CPRS-48) and DSM-IV-TR criteria, and was confirmed through consultation by psychologist. Data were analyzed by Binomial test in SPSS 18. RESULTS: The ADHD inattentive type was observed in 16 cases (16%) with CAPD and five controls (5%) (P = 0.01). Moreover, ADHD hyperactive-impulsive type was observed in 27 cases (27%) with CAPD and seven controls (9%) (P = 0.002). Despite these significant differences, no children were diagnosed with ADHD combined type among all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Inattentive type and hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD are more prevalent in children with ESRD undergoing CAPD. Therefore screening methods for ADHD is necessary in these patients. KEYWORDS: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Continuous Ambulatory; Peritoneal Dialysis