Outdoor-to-indoor propagation modelling with the identification of path passing through wall openings

This paper proposes a new propagation model to accurately predict outdoor-to-indoor propagation loss. Account is taken of the structural openings along the paths; it is assumed that outdoor-to-indoor paths are possible only through wall openings such as doors and windows. Introducing the angle dependency of the losses with the paths that penetrate the indoor area makes it possible to accurately predict outdoor-to-indoor propagation loss. Measurements in a microcellular environment show that the proposed model can predict outdoor-to-indoor propagation loss more accurately than the COST231 model.