Partial Realization of the EMMS Paradigm

This chapter uses the top-down mode of the EMMS paradigm on CPU clusters to realize structural similarity between problem, model, and software, but not hardware. First we propose a set of structure-dependent conservation equations based on the structure of the problem. A computing scheme is then realized by integrating EMMS drag into the reduced SFM; that is, EMMS-based multi-fluid modeling (EFM). In this process, the structure of both model and software (coding) is consistent with that of the investigated multiscale problem. Simulation with the EFM starts with the global prediction of the macro-scale distribution. Using this as an initial condition greatly reduces the time needed to reach a steady state. Time-dependent, regional evolution is then simulated; its accuracy is guaranteed because of the meso-scale modeling of both drag and mass transfer coefficient. Extensive application of the EMMS paradigm identifies advantages over conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches such as higher accuracy and efficiency. Complete realization of the EMMS paradigm with consistent hardware will be discussed in Chap. 7.