Electrical vehicles charging and discharging scheduling for the cloud-based energy management service

The electric vehicles (EVs) have been dramatically increased and popularized in recent years. The ability to export the power to the grid via the vehicle -to -grid (V2G) technology makes the EVs become the promising solutions for reducing the peak demand in the power grid but could also severely increase the fluctuated penetration if no scheduling mechanisms are deployed. Therefore, it is an essential task to provide the optimal EV charging and discharging scheduling. However, to practically reinforce the scheduling relies not only on the ability to offer it in the efficient, reliable and scalable approaches, but also on the willingness of the participation from EVs owners. The cloud -based energy management service (EMS) satisfies the needs to practically deploy the scheduling mechanisms for the heterogeneous EVs and provide the incentives for customers' participation. The cloud computing is introduced with its characteristics and is utilized for the design of an extensive cloud -based framework, which provides the energy management as a service (EMaaS) to suggest the optimal electricity usage and trading options for every participated customer. The framework and the procedure of the cloud -based EMS are illustrated, and the EVs charging and discharging scheduling for the cloud -based EMS is formulated and implemented. The scheduling results for both EVs with and without the V2G ability are discussed with various examples.