A Description and Inventory of the Displays of the Maccoa Duck Oxyura maccoa

Wild maccoa ducks were observed and filmed in the south-western Cape, South Africa, and individually marked captive ducks were closely studied over several years. The displays of the maccoa duck are described. Accounts are given of the incidence of the displays and the sequences in which they occur. Comments are offered on the taxonomic significance of particular displays.