Hyponatremic encephalopathy--some experimental and clinical findings.
2003
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance occurring in a broad spectrum of patients, from asymptomatic
to critically ill. The disease is defined as a decrease in serum sodium concentration to a level below
136 mmol per liter. The brain damage from hyponatremia can be associated with either hyponatremic
encephalopathy or improper therapy of symptomatic hyponatremia both in patients and in experimental
models of hyponatremia in rats. This review covers the clinical symptoms of hyponatremia as well as the
consequences of its correction. It also summarises the effects of experimental hyponatremia associated
with vasopressin on some aspects of cerebral blood flow regulation and the morphology of cerebral tissue.
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