5-Year Long-Term Outcome of Live-Donor Renal Transplant Recipients With Enterocystoplasty and Ureterocystoplasty: An Age- and Sex-Matched Pair Analysis.

Abstract Objectives To assess surgical complications, febrile UTI, graft function and 5-year graft survival after renal transplantation (RT) in patients with augmentation cytsoplasty (AC) and to compare them to RT patients with normal lower urinary tract. Materials and methods A case-control study of 34 RT patients with AC including 23 patients with enterocystoplasty (EC) and 11 patients with ureterocystoplasty (UC) was performed. The primary outcome was to determine the difference between both groups regarding postoperative surgical complications and febrile UTI episodes. Graft function was compared at one, three and five years and 5-year graft survival was determined. The secondary outcome was to compare them to an age- and gender-matched control group (122 patients) with normal lower urinary tract. Results There was no significant difference regarding surgical complications or rates of hospital readmission between AC groups. Seventeen (73.9%) and 5 (45.5%) patients developed 33 and 14 episodes of febrile UTI in EC and UC groups, respectively (p=0.5). Control group had shown lower incidence surgical complications (p=0.001) and febrile UTIs (p=0.02) compared to AC groups. At 3 and 5 years, UC had higher median eGFR than EC (p=0.08, 0.008, respectively). The 5-year graft survival was 32 (94.1%) with no statistically significant difference between EC (95.7%) and UC (90.9%) (p=0.5) or between AC and control (85.2%, p=0.3). Conclusion Although RT after AC was associated with higher surgical complications and UTI episodes, they had comparable 5-year graft survival to their control. When indicated, UC should be the preferred choice of AC whenever possible.