Developing and evaluating an human-automation shared control takeover strategy based on Human-in-the-loop driving simulation.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a shared control takeover strategy for smooth and safety control transition from an automation driving system to the human driver and to approve its positive impacts on drivers' behavior and attitudes. A "human-in-the-loop" driving simulator experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of the proposed shared control takeover strategy under different disengagement conditions. Results of thirty-two drivers showed shared control takeover strategy could improve safety performance at the aggregated level, especially at non-driving related disengagements. For more urgent disengagements caused by another vehicle's sudden brake, a shared control strategy enlarges individual differences. The primary reason is that some drivers had higher self-reported mental workloads in response to the shared control takeover strategy. Therefore, shared control between driver and automation can involve driver's training to avoid mental overload when developing takeover strategies.