A Comprehensive Study of Alternating Current Voltage Sensor Using Rectifier and Operational Amplifier

The alternating current voltage sensor involves both full-wave rectifier and differential amplifier. Full-wave rectifier converts the alternating current to direct current by adding a capacitor filter to minimize the ripple voltage. The differential amplifier generates output signals representing line alternating current voltage in root mean square. The work within this study develops voltage sensor to measure alternating current voltage on grid. A theoretical calculation is employed to calculate ripple voltage, peak voltage, mean voltage of rectifier, as well as output voltage of differential amplifier. In addition, we simulate the voltage sensor circuit to verify the theoretical results with implementing different alternating current voltages. The results indicate that the voltage sensor can be effective for measuring alternating current voltage.