BTS/ICS guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults
2016
### Principles of mechanical ventilation
#### Modes of mechanical ventilation
Recommendation
1. Pressure-targeted ventilators are the devices of choice for acute NIV (Grade B).
Good practice points
#### Choice of interface for NIV
Recommendation
2. A full face mask (FFM) should usually be the first type of interface used (Grade D).
Good practice points
#### Indications for and contra-indications to NIV in AHRF
Recommendation
3. The presence of adverse features increase the risk of NIV failure and should prompt consideration of placement in high dependency unit (HDU)/intensive care unit (ICU) (Grade C).
Good practice points
#### Monitoring during NIV
Good practice points
#### Supplemental oxygen therapy with NIV
Recommendations
4. Oxygen enrichment should be adjusted to achieve SaO2 88–92% in all causes of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) treated by NIV (Grade A).
5. Oxygen should be entrained as close to the patient as possible (Grade C).
Good practice points
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