Aptitud combinatoria y resistencia al daño foliar de Spodoptera rugiperda (J. E. Smith) en germoplasma de maíz nativo de Tamaulipas

espanolUna plaga agricola de importancia economica es S. frugiperda, en Tamaulipas es comun la incidencia en maiz, provocando dano foliar lo que reduce el rendimiento de grano,una solucion a esta problematica es utilizar cultivares resistentes;el germoplasma nativo de Tamaulipas ha coevolucionado con este insecto,provocando resistencia al mismo. Con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos geneticos y la resistencia de cultivares de maiz derivados de germoplasma nativo, se determino el dano foliar provocado por S. frugiperda en seis lineas endogamicas y sus 30 cruzas,en condiciones de aplicacion y no aplicacion de insecticida en la localidad de Guemez (primavera-verano, 2015), se realizo un analisis dialelico con el diseno I de Griffing. Para el dano foliar hubo efectos significativos de aptitud combinatoria general(ACG), especifica (ACE) e interaccion ACG×tratamiento de insecticida;solo existieron efectos significativos de ACG en el tratamiento de no aplicacion. La expresion genetica de este germoplasma determinada por los valores medios del dano foliar mostro una amplia variacion, la linea LlHL5S3 tuvo efectos significativos y negativos de ACG y la cruza TGL2S3×LlHL5S3 los mayores efectos de ACE negativos y un menor dano foliar(1.12), las cruzas PWL1S3×TGL2S3, PWL1S3×LlNL4S3, TML3S3×LlNL4S3y TML3S3×PWL6S3 sobresalieron con dano foliar mayor a 1.7;sin embargo,tuvieron una reduccion inferior a 15.5% del rendimiento de grano. La variacion del dano foliar dependio de efectos aditivos y no aditivos y existio resistencia a S. frugiperda, tanto por no preferencia como por tolerancia al dano foliar. Palabras clave: Zea mays, aptitud combinatoria, dialelico,gusano cogollero EnglishAn agricultural pest of economic importance is Spodoptera frugiperda, in Tamaulipas it is common the incidence in corn, causing foliar damage which reduces the yield of grain, a solution to this problem is to use resistant cultivars; the native germplasm of Tamaulipas co-evolved with this insect, causing resistance to it. In order to evaluate the genetic effects and resistance of maize cultivars derived from native germplasm, foliar damage caused by S. frugiperdawas determined in six inbred lines and their 30 crosses, under application conditions and non-application of insecticide in the Location of Guemez, Tamaulipas (spring-summer, 2015), a dialelicanalysis was carried out with Griffing’s design I. For foliar damage, there were significant effects of general combinatorial aptitude (ACG), specific (ACE) and ACG interaction×insecticide treatment; there were only significant effects of ACG in the non-application treatment. The genetic expression of this germplasm determined by the mean values of the leaf damage showed a wide variation, the line LlHL5S3had significant and negative effects of ACG and the crosses TGL2S3×LlHL5S3 the greater effects of negative ACE and less leaf damage (1.12), the crosses PWL1S3×TGL2S3, PWL1S3×LlNL4S3, TML3S3×LlNL4S3 and TML3S3×PWL6S3 excelled with leaf damage greater than 1.70; however, they had a reduction of less than 15.5% of grain yield. The variation of leaf damage depended on additive and non-additive effects and there was resistance to S. frugiperda, both due to non-preference and tolerance to leaf damage. Keywords:Zea mays, armyworm, combinatorial ability, diallelic.