Emotional Engagement and School Adjustment in Late Childhood: The Relationship between School Liking and School Belonging in Japan:

Summary.—This study examined the relationship between school adjustment and emotional engagement in late childhood. Participants were Grade 5 and 6 Japanese children (N = 304; 164 boys, 200 girls). The School Liking and Avoidance Questionnaire (SLAQ) was used to measure children's emotional adjustment to school. The School Adjustment Scale, which was used to assess emotional engagement, consists of four factors: “friendships,” “school work,” “teacher–child relationships,” and “school in general.” The last factor was used to measure school belonging.