Phonological Make-up of English Loanwords

The present study investigates the route of English words borrowed into Punjabi via Urdu. Differences and similarities between bilingual and monolingual speakers have been highlighted to determine the route of borrowing. The study is based on two corpora: a corpus of 292 English loanwords in Punjabi; and a corpus of 421 English loans in Punjabi and Urdu. Metathesis, aphaeresis, and substitution of consonants are some of the adaptation strategies on the basis of which we differentiate between the output forms of monolingual and bilingual speakers.