The Adenoid Microbiome in Recurrent Acute Otitis Media and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objectives:Compare the microbial flora of adenoids from patients with recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods:This study was prospective and controlled. Adenoids were obtained from children undergoing adenoidectomy for recurrent AOM or OSA. Specimens were processed for total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolation; 16s DNA 454-pyrosequencing was performed on AOM (n = 5) or OSA (n = 5) specimens.Results:All adenoid specimens had evidence of microbes. Haemophilus influenzae was detected in almost all of the specimens. Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were also among the most dominant species in all samples. Streptococcus salivarius, Prevotella sp, and Terrahaemophilus aromaticivorans were more common on adenoids from OSA patients (P < .05). Bradyrhizobium sp. was more common on adenoids from patients with recurrent AOM (p < 0.05). The microbial profiles associated with recurrent AOM were differ...