Effects of poly(L-lysine) substrates on attached escherichia coli bacteria

Poly(l-lysine) (PLL) is a cationic polymer that is often used for attaching and immobilizing cells to glass substrates for further investigation by, e.g., AFM techniques. Because of their small size, bacterial attachment is most easily done using thick air-dried PLL coatings—though thinner PLL coatings are also used and are commercially available. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial activity of PLL is well-established. Accordingly, we have investigated the physiological effects of suspended PLL and of PLL coatings on individual Escherichia coli bacteria through the pole-to-pole oscillations of cytoplasmic MinD-GFP fusion proteins. For planktonic bacteria, suspended PLL concentrations at the micromolar level quenched MinD-GFP oscillations and inhibited bacterial growth. On coverslips with PLL coatings prepared by short exposures of the slides to PLL solutions, followed by rinsing, only a fraction of available bacteria attached after hours of settling time. Min oscillations in the attached bacteria, however, we...