Review of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Eumastacidae, Temnomastacinae)

Temnomastax is the commonest genus of monkey grasshoppers in the central region of South America. Herein the revision of this genus is presented. Three new species are described, Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov., Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov., and Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. Temnomastax chiquitos syn. nov. is proposed as a new synonym of Temnomastax borellii . Three morphological groups are proposed: the Beni group composed of Temnomastax beni ; the Latens group composed of T. borellii , T. hamus , T. latens and T. monnei sp. nov.; and the Tigris group composed of T. descampsi sp. nov., T. otavioi sp. nov., T. ricardoi and T. tigris . Identification keys, biological and distribution data are provided.