The Role of Nutrition during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Know.

BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) infection provokes serious clinical consequences, which in many situations need hospitalization of the patient in Intensive Care Unit. Additionally, SARS-COV-2 infection can indirectly cause deaths in aged individuals as well as in patients with comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic in both hospitalized patients and in the general population. METHODS: Authors searched Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google, and Institutional websites for medical subheadings terms and free full text referred to "SARS-CoV-2", COVID-19", "nutrition", "immune system", before 31st July 2020. RESULTS: A total of 20 articles describing different nutritional interventions for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection focusing on the general population have been included. Of these, 6 studies are dealing with nutritional interventions for patients with SARS-CoV2 infection and the others are focalized on a potential beneficial effect exerted by a Mediterranean-type diet, related to the supplementation of micronutrients and vitamins. CONCLUSION: A correct lifestyle even including the consumption of nutrient largely present in MD, may be beneficial for preventing or improving prognosis in the SARS-CoV-2 infection.