Paper-based biosensor relying on flower-like reduced graphene guided enzymatically deposition of polyaniline for Pb2+ detection

Abstract A multi-amplified paper-based electrochemical strategy using Pb 2+ dependent DNAzyme as the recognition unit for Pb 2+ detection was developed. In this work, flower-like reduced graphene (FrGO) was prepared utilizing flower-like ZnO as template, which was first one step grown on the gold nanoparticles modified paper working electrode (Au-PWE). After being treated with acid and then modified with Au, a novel sensor platform named Au/FrGO/Au-PWE with large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity was fabricated. The Mn 2 O 3 nanoparticle-assembled hierarchical hollow spheres (H-Mn 2 O 3 ) was served as nanocarrier to immobilize GOx, HRP and signal strand (S3), resulting to the formation of S3/H-Mn 2 O 3 /HRP/GOx bioconjugations. In the presence of Pb 2+ , the DNAzyme (S1) was activated and the substrate strand (S2) was cleaved. After the incubation with S3/H-Mn 2 O 3 /HRP/GOx in 0.1 M HAc–NaAc solution (pH 4.3) containing 30 mM aniline and 15 mM glucose, a readily measurable “turn-on” electrochemical signal could be measured. On the basis of the signal amplification strategy of Au/FrGO/Au-PWE sensing platform and S3/H-Mn 2 O 3 /HRP/GOx bioconjugations, the developed biosensor exhibited a good linear response toward over a wide range of concentration from 0.005 to 2000 nM.