Clinical dose of lidocaine destroys the cell membrane and induces both necrosis and apoptosis in an identified Lymnaea neuron

Purpose Although lidocaine-induced cell toxicity has been reported, its mechanism is unclear. Cell size, morphological change, and membrane resistance are related to homeostasis and damage to the cell membrane; however, the effects of lidocaine on these factors are unclear. Using an identified LPeD1 neuron from Lymnaea stagnalis, we sought to determine how lidocaine affects these factors and how lidocaine is related to damage of the cell membrane.