Cocaine Impairs Ovarian Response to Exogenous Gonadotropins in Nonhuman Primates

OBJECTIVE: Determine whether cocaine directly impairs ovarian steroid production and ovulation.METHODS: Normally cycling adult female rhesus monkeys received daily intravenous normal saline (control; n = 8) or cocaine (4 mg/kg; n = 8) through the follicular phase. Monkeys were injected daily with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG; Pergonal) at a dose of 6 IU/kg intramuscularly beginning on cycle day 2. Daily blood samples were obtained, and serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were measured by radioimmunoassay. When serum levels of E2 declined, plateaued, or exceeded 600 pg/mL, laparoscopy was performed to count the number of follicles. If no new corpus luteum was present, monkeys were injected intramuscularly with 1000 IU of hCG. Laparoscopy was repeated 2 days later to document the number of ovulatory stigma.RESULTS: During ovarian stimulation, cocaine-treated monkeys required an average additional 1.5 days of hMG injections (P = .01), and this resulted in a greater total dose of hMG compared wit...