Transcoronary ethanol for incessant epicardial ventricular tachycardia

Introduction In the early 1990s, transcoronary ethanol ablation (TCEA) had been described as an alternative to surgery in patients with incessant ventricular tachycardia (VT). With improving technology, endocardial and epicardial radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has become first-line therapy in refractory VT. However, there are still patients in whom these techniques are either unsuccessful or contraindicated.