ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРИ ПНЕВМОИСПЫТАНИИ ТРУБОПРОВОДА

The work considers the fundamentals of human life during pneumatic testing of pipeline. Invalid strength pipe and high pressure destruction occurs in the form of explosion of the object, accompanied by the appearance of a shock wave. The shock wave is a transient process is very quick conversion of substances with the release of large amounts of energy in a small volume and is one of the most dangerous effects on humans. The typical width of the shock wave in the air – 10-4 mm (several lengths of free path of molecules). Small thickness of such waves gives possibility in many problems to consider it as a discontinuity surface. But in some cases, it is the structure of the shock wave. This task is of theoretical interest. For weak shock waves, a good agreement of experiment and theory gives a model taking into account viscosity and conductivity of the environment. For shock waves of sufficiently high intensity structure should take into account (consistently) the stage of establishment of thermodynamic equilibrium, the translational, rotational, for molecular gases even and vibrational degrees of freedom, in certain conditions, the dissociation and recombination of molecules, chemical reactions, the processes involving electrons (ionization, electronic excitation). In this paper we have investigated the dependence of the conditional probability of defeat of a man from a change in the overpressure of the shock wave of the explosion. On the basis of the conducted researches the measures to prevent the occurrence of the shock wave pneumatic tests: strict adherence to safety standards and conditions for the maintenance of pressure in the pipeline, ensure an acceptable working range of conditions of the pneumatic tests, the availability of required serviceable equipment and fittings.