A combination of two human neutralizing antibodies prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques

Human monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments are promising for COVID-19 prevention, post-exposure prophylaxis, or therapy. However, the titer of neutralizing antibodies required for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly characterized. We previously described two potently neutralizing mAbs COV2-2130 and COV2-2381 targeting non-overlapping epitopes on the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Here, we engineered the Fc-region of these mAbs with mutations to extend their persistence in humans and reduce interactions with Fc gamma receptors. Passive transfer of individual or combinations of the two antibodies (designated ADM03820) given prophylactically by intravenous or intramuscular route conferred virological protection in a non-human primate (NHP) model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and ADM03820 potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vitro. We defined 6,000 as a protective serum neutralizing antibody titer in NHPs against infection for passively transferred human mAbs that acted by direct viral neutralization, which corresponded to a concentration of 20 g/mL of circulating mAb.