Psychophysiological and Genetic Factors Responsible for Alcohol and Morphine Dependence in Animals

Clinical observations and experimental findings leave no doubt as to the variety and profusion of alcohol’s and other narcotics’ effects on the organism. This explains why so many hypotheses have been produced explaining the development of alcoholism and drug addiction in terms of impairment of neurotransmitter regulatory systems (Anokhina, 1979; Tabakoff and Ritzman, 1979), of the characteristics of metabolism of xenobiotics (Belknap et al., 1972), of CNS sensitivity (Kakihana et al., 1966) or other contributory factors.