Host plant-derived allelochemicals and metal components are associated with oxidative predominance and antioxidant plasticity in the larval tissues of silkworm, Antheraea mylitta: Further evidence of joint effects hypothesis

Abstract Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta is a polyphagous insect that primarily feeds on Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia tomentosa and Shorea robusta . However, larval rearing on S. robusta results in poor performance for the reasons unexplored. Oxidative burden imposed by host plants is presumed to be a determining factor for larval fitness. With this hypothesis we have analyzed the foliar constituents of the respective host plants, the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in the larval tissues in response to their altered feeding on different host plants for different durations (2 and 10 days). Results indicate that S. robusta leaves contain the highest amount of tannin and redox active metals compared to those of other host plants. Consequently, hemolymph and midgut tissues of the larvae shifted to S. robusta exhibited oxidative predominance. Increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase in the larval tissues indicated an adaptive response to host plant driven oxidative assault. Our in vitro study also strongly supplements the in vivo findings indicating S. robusta foliages as a strong inducer of lipid peroxidation (LPx). Copper and Iron were found to be more potent in inducing LPx in the midgut tissues of the larvae compared to Zinc and Manganese. This study for the first time demonstrates the combined implications of host plant derived allelochemicals and elements on oxidative stress and antioxidant plasticity in this insect. The overall findings also brace up the newly emerging concept on joint effects hypothesis (organic and elemental defence) for enhanced plant defence.