Injury responses of Sprague-Dawley rat jaw muscles to an experimental unilateral anterior crossbite prosthesis

Abstract Objective Dental occlusion are frequently changed in clinic. Molecular responses in jaw muscles to aberrant dental occlusion are changes are attractive, yet remain are obscure. Design Unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) prostheses were applied to Sprague-Dawley rats and then ceased after two weeks to detect the reactions of the masseter, a representative jaw elevator, and the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM), a representative jaw depressor. Results Two weeks of UAC elicited mild injury of the two muscles. Myogenesis and protective reactions were detected as increases in αB-crystallin expression in the masseter after 3 days and in the LPM after 2 weeks, and increases in desmin expression in both muscles after 2 weeks. A switch in fibre types from IIb to IIx occurred in the LPM but not in the masseter. Inflammatory responses, shown by the infiltration of inflammatory cells and increases in TNF-α mRNA expression, and fibrosis responses, shown by increased mRNA expression of Type I and III collagens, appeared very mild in the two muscles. These responses were partially recovered by the cessation of UAC. During the whole process, no obvious changes were observed in mitochondrial function, as indicated by the levels of proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, mitofusin-2 and voltage-dependent anion channel. Conclusions UAC causes injury and very limited inflammatory and fibrosis adaption in the masseter and LPM. Both muscles respond with myogenesis and protective activity. The LPM responds also with muscle fibre isoform alternations. These alterations were partially recovered by the cessation of dental stimulation at an early stage.