Dynamic characteristics analysis for energy release process of liquid air energy storage system

Abstract In order to further research the dynamic characteristics of liquid air energy storage (LAES) system under typical operating conditions, a dynamic simulation model of energy release process of the 10 MW LAES system is established in this paper. The characteristic curves of expander are considered during modeling and simulation process. The dynamic changes of key parameters, such as temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, and so on, of energy storage system over time under the startup and grid connection are simulated. The sensitivity analyses of rotor speed rising rate and frequency disturbance on the key parameters are carried out. The results show that the outlet temperature and outlet pressure of 1st expander stabilized at 395.96K and 5.37 MPa, respectively, at 602s when the rotor starts up with a rising rate of 360 rpm/min. The actual rotor speed reaches the maximum value of 3010r/min at 504s, the overspeed ratio is 100.3%. During the grid connection, the outlet temperature and outlet pressure of 1st expander stabilized at 345.6K and 3.0 MPa, respectively, at 910s, and the mass flow rate of air rises from 11.25 kg/s of the no-load operation to 23.60 kg/s. In addition, the rotor speed rising rate and frequency disturbance have great influence on the key parameters of expander. The new startup scheme of changing rotor speed rising rate have been put forward to balance the relationship between maximum rotor speed and startup time. The fluctuation amplitudes of outlet temperature, outlet pressure, power and rotor speed increase with the frequency disturbance amplitude increasing. The analysis results of dynamic simulation can provide data reference for learning the dynamic characteristics of LAES system.