CIANOBACTÉRIAS E CIANOTOXINAS EM AMBIENTES AQUÁTICOS: uma breve revisão sobre os principais métodos detecção, remoção e impactos sobre a saúde humana = CYANBACTERIA AND CYANOTOXINS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS: a short review on the main methods of detection, removal and impacts on human health

Muitos corpos hidricos tem sido degradados devido a interferencia humana. A poluicao causada pelas atividades antropicas vem comprometendo a qualidade da agua e promovendo eventos de eutrofizacao, afetando toda estrutura trofica do ambiente, podendo assim acarretar na proliferacao de cianobacterias toxicas. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento sobre esses organismos e de grande importância, principalmente em corpos hidricos com usos multiplos. Esta pesquisa representa uma revisao de trabalhos publicados envolvendo qualidade ambiental e ecolotoxicologia aquatica, tendo como foco estudos relacionados as cianobacterias e cianotoxinas. Para o trabalho foram analisados livros textos e artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2020 em periodicos nacionais e internacionais. Na literatura publicada nos ultimos anos sao apresentadas as principais metodologias envolvidas na deteccao e remocao de cianotoxinas, alem de bioensaios ecotoxicologicos. Fica evidente a importância do tratamento de efluentes e controle das fontes de poluicao difusas e pontuais no ecossistema promovendo a melhoria da qualidade da agua e controle de cianobacterias. ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria play an important role among producers in aquatic ecosystems, however when associated with eutrophication they become an ecological and public health problem. The problem involving cyanobacteria is the blooming of potentially toxic strains. The present work aims to present and discuss the problems related to the proliferation of cyanobacteria in limnological environments, and its consequences for dynamics in the environment and effects on environmental health. In this sense, knowledge about these organisms is of great importance, especially in water bodies with multiple uses. This research represents a review of published works involving environmental quality and aquatic ecotoxicology, focusing on studies related to cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. For the present work, textbooks and articles published between 2010 and 2020 in national and international journals were analyzed. In the literature published in recent years, the main methodologies involved in the detection and removal of cyanotoxins are presented, in addition to ecotoxicological bioassays. The study of cyanobacteria and their metabolites comprises an area of interest that reaches a greater dimension when impacts on the quality of water supply are evident, thus the importance of treating effluents and controlling pollution sources in the ecosystem is evident, promoting improvement and maintenance the quality of the water bodies.