Future Research Directions toStudy Genetic DamageinGerm Cells andEstimate Genetic Risk

should not dismiss the serious danger thatenvironmental exposure to mutagensincreases thegeneticburdenofhumans.In the absence ofdirect proofofahumangenetic risk andits magnitude, theextrapolation from animal models tohumansis the only methodofchoice.Several studies have shownthat radiationor chemicals can increase chromosomalaberrations