Access and Intubation of the Stomach and Small Intestine

Abstract Intubation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract occurs frequently in the course of patient care. Enteral access, whether via the nasal or percutaneous route and gastric or intestinal in destination, is procured in the vast majority of instances for decompression or nutrition. Intestinal access is indicated for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons in a variety of disorders, including bowel obstruction, gastric outlet obstruction, gastroesophageal reflux, GI bleeding, and disorders of motility. Despite the ubiquitous need and indication for gastric and small intestine intubation in modern medical and surgical practices, both the means of access and the access devices themselves carry innate risks that must be considered. Serious, even potentially fatal, complications may result from the placement or management of enteral tubes. Feasibility, appropriateness, timing, and route of access must all be considered to determine the proper patient and procedure.