基于大学生字词联想的“师道”文化内隐观探析——民间概念研究之十三

本研究以儒家文化下的“师”概念为出发点，依据激活扩散模型，对不同的“师”的相关概念的差异进行初探，从而为探索新的师生关系道路提供新的视角。以“老师”、“导师”、“教师”和“指导教师”为靶词，激活288名被试对“师”的心理表征，之后共收集到4239个联想词，其中高频词有2326个，最终选出94个高频数的相关概念词。通过聚类分析和差异性检验后，结果表明：德才兼备方为“师”，“师道”之重心在为师之道，主要表现在“师范”和“学识魅力”维度上。本科生导师胜任力的要素有：德才兼备为核心；导师自身的科研能力和适当满足学生对常规教学的需求为两翼；建立良性的有情感、有温度的师生关系为保障。 The research was based on the core concept “Shi” which is under the context of Confucian culture. According to the spreading-activation theory, the related concepts of different “Shi” were preliminary discussed, which provided a new perspective to explore new relationship between teachers and students. The “teacher” “mentor” “instructor” and “supervisor” were taken as the target words which represented the different “Shi” and activated the mental conceptual representation of 288 participants. Then a total of 4239 association words were collected which included 2326 high frequent words in them. Finally, we selected top 94 high frequent association words, which were relevant to “Shi”. After running cluster analysis in the mass and chi-square difference test among 4 different targets, the results show that to be “Shi” requires both virtue and ability. The core of “Shi Dao” is to be an excellent tutor, mainly embodied in the dimensions of fine example of normativeness and showing the scholarly charm for students. Totally, the competency factors of the undergraduate mentors are that virtue and ability of “shi” are the core elements; having high level abilities of research and satisfying the students’ need of routine instruction appropriately are just like two wings of one bird in the area of teaching; establishing the benign, emotional and warm relationship with students is the guarantee of tutors’ competence in the mind of students.