Characterization of useful energy content in swine and poultry feed ingredients
2005
For effective use of feed ingredients in diets for the various classes of animals, it is important that the feeding value of feed ingredients is properly estimated. This applies in particular to the useful or bio-available energy content, as feed energy generally represents the single largest cost-factor in animal production. In spite of their limitations, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) systems are used widely in North America to estimate the useful or bio-available energy content of feeds and feed ingredients for pigs and poultry, largely because experimental procedures to establish DE and ME values are relatively simple. Some of the limitations of DE and ME systems can be overcome by using empirical net energy (NE) systems, whereby feed or feed ingredient NE content is predicted from digestible nutrient contents. However, empirical NE systems require estimates of the animal’s maintenance NE needs, which cannot be measured directly and have been estimated to vary between 489 and 750...
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