Immuno-Oncology of Oesophageal Cancer

A most worldwide health challenge is oesophageal cancer and is standing in 6th place of cancer deaths all over the world. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) are the two types of oesophageal cancer which are epidemiologically and biologically distinct. More than 90% of the disease is OSCC in East regions of Africa and southern states of America. The disease originates in the epithelial lining. It can metastasize in lungs, liver, stomach, and also other body parts. The disease is most observed in males than females. The major causing agents are tobacco usage and alcohol consumption. The disease is mostly fatal with less survival rate of 5–30%. Patient can be cured if diagnosed in the early stage by surgical removal of the tumour, chemotherapy, radiation. This chapter is mainly focused on possible role of immunotherapy for oesophageal cancer.