CAUSAS DE INTERRUPÇÃO DE NUTRIÇÃO ENTERAL EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA / CAUSES OF INTERRUPTION OF ENTERAL NUTRITION IN INTENSIVE THERAPY UNITS

Introducao: A terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes criticos contribui na recuperacao do estado clinico e a interrupcao dessa nutricao pode ocasionar inumeros prejuizos. Objetivo: Identificar as causas de interrupcao da administracao da nutricao enteral em pacientes de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Metodos : Estudo quantitativo, de carater observacional e prospectivo, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Geral e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cardiologica do Hospital Universitario da Universidade Federal do Maranhao. Participaram da pesquisa 53 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, que receberam exclusivamente nutricao por via enteral por pelo menos 72 horas, no periodo de julho a dezembro de 2015. Resultados: Observou-se que 56,6% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, 43,4% com idade entre 61 a 80 anos, com media de permanencia na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de 21,1 dias e media de permanencia com nutricao enteral de 16,6 dias. Verificou-se que o pos-operatorio imediato foi o motivo de internacao com maior frequencia (37,7%) e os principais motivos de interrupcao da dieta foram jejum para procedimentos (20,2%) e problemas relacionados a sonda nasoenteral (18,0%). A diferenca entre o volume prescrito e o volume infundido apresentou media de 2.629 ml, demonstrando que os pacientes deixaram de receber 17,3% da dieta prescrita. Conclusao: Identificou-se que, devido as interrupcoes, os pacientes criticos recebem menos dieta enteral que o prescrito, impossibilitando atingir a meta terapeutica. Constatou-se que as causas de interrupcao da nutricao enteral sao, por vezes, evitaveis, o que sugere que a equipe multiprofissional busque minimiza-las. Palavras-chave : Nutricao enteral. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Avaliacao nutricional. Abstract Introduction : Enteral nutritional therapy in critically ill patients contributes to the recovery of clinical status and discontinuation of this nutrition can lead to numerous losses. Objective: To identify the causes of interruption of the administration of enteral nutrition in patients of Intensive Care Units. Methods: Quantitative, observational and prospective study, conducted at the General Intensive Care Unit and Cardiology Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhao. Participating in the study were 53 patients aged 18 years or over who exclusively received enteral nutrition for at least 72 hours from July to December 2015. Results: It was observed that 56.6% of the patients were males, 43.4% were aged between 61 and 80 years, with a mean stay in the Intensive Care Unit of 21,1 days and mean stay with enteral nutrition of 16,6 days. It was verified that the immediate postoperative period was the reason for hospitalization more frequently (37.7%) and the main reasons for interrupting the diet were fasting for procedures (20.2%) and problems related to the nasoenteral tube (18.0%). The difference between the prescribed volume and the infused volume presented an average of 2.629 ml, demonstrating that the patients stopped receiving 17.3% of the prescribed diet. Conclusion: It was identified that due to interruptions, critical patients receive less enteral diet than prescribed, making it impossible to reach the therapeutic goal. It was found that the causes of interruption of enteral nutrition are sometimes avoidable, which suggests that the multiprofessional team seeks to minimize them. Keywords: Enteral nutrition. Intensive care unit. Nutritional assessment.